Metal cutting machine



March 15, 1932. C. B. GRAY METAL CUTTING MACHINE Filed Jan. 2l, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet March 15, `1932. C, B GRAY 1,849,829

METAL CUTTING MACHINE Filed Jan. 2l, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 m N m m www @dm l www mwm .mfmi .v .mm HIQSIN .M m.. im Q om eminem anni oor-ama offeed. In the shear `type of machine,are-` ciprocatingl shear tool' may cooperate with" a; shear or block in order to eiect avr shearjcut'f in sheet or plate 4materiali In manyl sita tionsVY in thejart, machines of both` types are necessary to execute certain classesy of" Work.'

"I'tis,' therefore',k an 'objectof my inventionV to providel a machine with` changeableitool and tool operating: meanssuchv that a* single machine may type to the other. A e, i

A further I,object ofmyinvention is to pro`` vide a cutting machine'embodying a longil tudinally-adj ustable ram and a movable' out# Th connected' by* a? connectible couplingy l4`it'o" ter which is adjustable"longitudinallylwitli respect to the rainin order that the'mo'vable cutter may be related as desired with respect'vr to the fixed cutter.

A further object of my invention is to'provide a metal cutting machine with meansfor kangula-rl adjusting the tool.

A furt er object of my inventionis to pro vide a combined machlne of the characterj referred to with improved gagin'g'imecha-- nism. y I y .f

These' and other obJects are effected' by my' 35 invention, as'will be apparent frointhe froli,

lowing description' and claims takenV in connection with the accompanying` drawings,A

forming a part* of this-app1icatio`n,in whichr" Fig. 1 is a side elevation of cutting machinev 4 with parts shown in section;

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of apparatus" shown in Fig. 1; v

Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view of punch apparatus;

FiO. 4 is a diafframmatic View illustra'tirw'l"y b C D principles of operation of the punch shown' in Figs. 1, 2 and 3; i i

Fig. 5 is a diaffranimatic View furtherillus-I trating principles of voperation involved' inf" 0 Figs. 1, 25 and 8;

be readily changed from one A modiiiedform ofpun'chzandpilot-member;

Figs; 8 and 9aresiii1ilarto Figs; 6 and Tl eXceptft'lia-t afinodifi'ed form ofv pilot member -lio'lde'r'is-pjr'ovided';A l 1 f l Fig-,10 isfasejetonai view taken alongche Figs; l'liandlgare' detailviews showing 'a turtherinodilied form ofl punch "y i y Figs. 13to 15,` inclusive'arefdetailfviews ofthe eccentric Inechaniisliig'` Figs. 1'6f and' 17'yar'efdetail" viewsshowing".y

howthe machine'ofFigs; lI and 2may be con`' polygonall shear" block;`

y In vaccordancey viritlifrry*` pres'entf` invention;-

If royide' a'fcuttingm'achine"whichis vcapable 0 beingloperatedas a'nibblin l machine oras a" shear`. VThe machine'inclu e e upperfja'w car-ries a"drivingmernberf13v thedrivingfmem r11-3intoreciprocatqry-ma:v tiohofl the vslidel'lto which" a suitable to'olv rna'ybe connectedi The'lo'v'verjaviv1 12 is providedkwith'means;A at'f 17 to receive a suitable die orfblockl' The motion convertingmeens y isJ in` party remoyable so that other part f or' parts may be*substitutedv inorder to change on the' cutting" stroke; Another feature ofv the invention? is' theprovision of improyed-J gagi'ngi'means whichv isnormally biasedv to maintain -thef too; in operative position and whichm'ay-be manually released' to secure re"l tractiohroffthe toois; A further feacurevof my invention is to provide inip'rov'edtool" rnea'ns'lv 'foruse with themachine;first', a' punch and pilot vmember ca ableof bein'goperated'to out aloii'g'a desired line with orvsitliouty a' templet v;;

and, second, shearUv andblock readily! substitiutable'frthe punch-and the pil'oc'mm# ber;

K sal frame 10y havingan'upper' )auf 11' andallower jaw 12.

esl

Additional features off/my' invention. aref i -means for angularl-y adjusting the movable The guide 34 is cutting member; means for lon itudinally adj usting the ram and for longitu inally adjusting the movable cutting member or tool with respect to the fixed cutting member; and improved gag mechanism permitting of the movable cutting member being readily raised.

Referring now to the machine more in detail, the driving means preferably takes the form of a pulley 19 connected to the shaft member 20, the pulley having associated therewith a brake 21. The frame is provided with alined bearings 22 and 23, the shaft 20 fitting the bearing 22. A shaft section y24 fits the bearing 23, and, at one end, it is connected, by the coupling 14, to the shaft member 20, while, at itsI other end, it is provided with an eccentric portion 25. g p

The eccentric portion 25 is journaled'in a block 26 slidable in a transverse groove 27 provided in the slide 16, the latter being re? tained for reciprocatory movement by. suitable parallel guides 28 and retaining plates 29 held in place by screws 30 preferably fitting oblong slots 31 in the retaining plates, the latter Structure providing forkthe ready removal and insertion of eccentrics in changing the throw. It will, therefore, be apparent that, with the apparatus referred to, rotary movement of the driving member 13 is'converted into reciprocatory movement of the slide 16, the amplitude of the latter movement depending upon the eccentricity of the accentric portion 25.y f

'.The throwor extent of reciprocation of the slide 16 may be varied by providingeccentrics 25 of the same size but varying` degrees of eccentricity as shown either in igs. 14 and 15. Change of eccentrics may be effected simply, by removing the slide and disconnecting the coupling 14, after which a. shaft section 24 may be removed and another inserted.

The slide 16 is connected to the ram 32 by gag mechanismfat 33, more particularly hereinafter referred in a guide 34 carried by a projection 35 of the frame and arranged below the guides 28. provided with a lower flange 37; and, between the flanges 35 and 37, it is formed as a journal for the bearing portion 38 made preferably in two parts 39 and `40 held together by screws 41. The part 39 has a portion 42, which underhangs the flange and which is provided with a key 43 fitting the keyway 44 in the ram 32.v A handle 46 is conected to the the latter may be turned' to turn the ram 32.

A stripper 47 is detachably connected to the bearing portion 38; and, for this purpose, the stripper isprovided withv pin or tenon means 48 and 49 itting'openings in the member 38 and with a screw 50.for connecting it to the bearing portion and for securing adjustment of the stri per suitably to the thickf the machine is used as a nibbler (Figs. 1 and 2), it is desirable to to. The rain 32 is mountedy bearing portion 38, wherebyA emplo the stripper; however, where t-he machine 1s used as a shear (Figs. 16 and 17) the stripper may not be necessary, in which case it may be readily removed. By moving the handle 46, it will be apparent that the tool,

as well as the stripper, may be turned in order to change the. direction of cutting ywithout turning the blank or in order to avoid ob- 'scuring vision by the stripper.

The ram 32 is provided with a socket 52 for a movable cutting me'mber such as a holder 53 for a punch (Figs. l and 2), or a holder 54 for a movable cutting member such as a shear (Figs. 16 and 17). The lower jaw 12 has a bifurcated end portion to the furcations 55 of'which is secured the seat member 56. If a punch is used (Figs. 1 and 2), a block 57 for a fixed cutter or die 57 a is secured to the seat 56 and if a shear is used (Figs. 16 and 17), a block 58 fora fixed cutting member or shear block I125 is used. .The blocks 57 and 58 are provided with openings `59 and 60,(respectively, with which cooperate screws 61 in order that either type of blocks may be secured to the seat 56.

)Vhether the machine be used as a nibbler or as a shear, it is desirable that the gagmechanism, at 33, be employed to permit of ready retraction ofthe tool. Referring now to this mechanism more in detail, a stem 63 is threaded interiorly to the upper en d of the ram 32 and a lock-nut64 cooperates therewith to hold it in adjusted position. The stem 63 has a head 65 located in a recess '66 in the slide 16." A bar 67 has a U-shaped slot 68 engaging about the stem 63 and underneath the head 65, the bar being secured to the lower end of the slide by screws 69. Above the recess 66, the slide 16 is providedwith a guideway 70 for a gag member 71 having a forwardly proj ectingstem 72 about which there is disposed a compression spring 73 whose outer end cooperateswith a stop 74 to vurge the gag member 71 into the space immediately above the head'65. With the' gag member in, upward movement 0f the slide 16 is transmitted through the bar 67 to the underface of the head 65 and downward movement of the slide is communicated by the gag member to the top surface of the head. gag member 71 is pulled outto clear tlietop surface of the head 66, there is sufficient clearance for retraction of the tool from the die and stock, the arrangementpreferably being such that the stem 63 is retracted so that the head 65 is pulled up aglainst the to of the guideway 70 as soon as t e gag mem er 71 is disengaged from the head 65'. In the drawings, I show a rod 76 connected to the upper end of the stem 63 and arranged inthe counterbored opening 77 in the slide 16. A- compression spring 78 is arranged between a shoulder 79, provided by the counterbored opening, and an abutment 80 secured tothe rod 76, the latter having an upper button 81. The gag Amember 71 ioo is provided witha pull-out button 82. Hence :it will be seen that, as soon as the gag member 71 is pulled out, the spring 78 serves to y retract the stem 63 and the ram 32 connected thereto. On the other hand, by pushing down on the button 81, the stem and the ram are .pushed down; and, as soon as the top surface and 3, I show the ho der 53 fitting the socket 52 and held therein by the screw 84. The holder has4 an axial counterbored opening having an upper threaded portion` of larger diameter separated by a shoulder 86 from the lower portion 87 of the smaller` diameter. A movable cutting member or punch 88 extends through and below the lower `end of the lower portion 87 and into the portion 85 of the larger diameter. Abutment means, for example, a collar89 and a connecting pin 90, are provided at the upper end of the punch. Adjustable spacing means, for example, packin washers 92, are arranged between the a utment means and the shoulder 86 and a follower 93 is threaded in the upper portion 85 and engages the upper end of the punch 88. Hence, it will be seen that the unch 88 may be adjusted to extend a desired) distance below the` holder 53, by

suitably adjusting thespacing means below the punch abutment means 89`and screwing down the follower 93 to place the spacing means under compression. The pin is subject ,to stress incident to retracting the tool from the stock, while the compressive stress incident to cutting is borne by the follower 93. A screw 94 is carried inthe holder 53 for gripping the rangement, 'it will e apparent that a punch may be repeatedly' dressed, theA decrease -in length being taken care of by shortening the. spacing means, for example, by removin washers 92, moving the punch down,^an screwing down the follower 93.

After the punch tool is secured vin adiiner adjustment of the tool relatively'to the die may be made by adjusting the ram axiallyof the threaded stem 63, the lock nut 64 being loosened before making the adjustment and being tightened thereafter. The

tool connecting means may be of such a character, Fig. 3, that close adjustment of the tool with respect to the die is not always possible. Therefore, an approximate adjustment is made by the tool connecting means, and the fined and final adjustment is then made by turning the threaded stem 63 to secure axial movement of the ram to bring the punch into proper relation with respect to the die. As the stem 63 has a swivel connectionwith the slide 16, it may be turned relaunch 88. With this ar,l

tively to the latter; and, as-the ram is restrained from turning by the means for angularly adjusting it, turning of the threaded stem results in axial adjustment of the ram. The ortion of the stem between the ram 32 and t e slide 16 is exposed so that the wrenchengaging portion thereof immediately below the swive connection is accessible for engagement by a wrench.

Referring now to the movable cutting member or punch 88 shown in Figs. 3 and 4, such punch is provided with a attened rear face 95 with which there cooperates in overlapping relation the forward face 96 of the pilot member 97. The pilot member 9 7 is preferably complementary to the punch 88 so that the two provide a circular cross section in order that turns may be readily made without lateral cutting; however, so far as this result is concerned, it is onlfy the pilot member has two guide edges or por- 9 tions arranged to cooperate with the forward end of a slot being cut in order to guide and to hold the `blank against shifting sidewise, thereby rendering a templet unnecessary in following a desired line. Also, the pilot member does not have to be o lrated positively and independently of the punch. This feature may be taken care of in various wa s; in Figs. 1 to 4,'inclusive, the pilot meiner 97 overlaps the punch 88 longitudinally andis fixed relatively thereto; in Figs. 6 and 7, the punch 98 is movable relatively to the pilot members 99; in Figs. Sand 9,`the punch and the pilot member overlap longitudinally, as in Fi 6 and 7, but both move together;

' and, in igs. 11 and 12, there is showna `comf a. punch portion 101 and appilot portion 102. )usted position with respect to the ram 32,

j great that the slot would have scalloped sides.

Since the width of the faces 95 To avoid this, the pilot member 97 has a pilot portion l103 which underlapsthe unch face of the puncl1g88, the pilot lmemer having guide portions or` edges 104 for ycooperation with the concave 'end of a slot in a blank to vno .Figsa 1 to 4, inclusive,

limit the increment of feed. The increment of feed. depends u on the distanceof the points or edges 104 rom the forward concave end of a slot considered along ylines parallel to the slot sides and immediately after a punching stroke. l 'f For example, referring to Fig.y 5, assume afblank 105 to have the instantaneous direction of feed indicated .by the arrow. .Assume that the guide edges 104 are at'positions c.

Draw lines parallel to the direction offeed and passing through the points 0. Such lines will intersect the forward concave end 106 of the slot 106e at points d. The distance ed represents the increment of feed.' This distance may be shortened by having the dis# tance between `the guide edges 104: almost equal to the punch diameter, or, as shown in Vthis distance may be shortened by havin the ilot rportion .103 underlap the punch, or,in ig` 5, if the guide pointsc are moved along the lines cd4 toward d the increments of feed are correspondingl reduced. Hence, in the form shown in gigs. 1 4, the punch is stronginthat the latter extends rearwardly ofy the center line while, at the same time, theincrement of feed may be controlled by suitably designing the underlapping pilot portion.

yIn Figs. .6,7, `8 and 9, theA pilot members 99- and 99'* are carried by the lower arm ,12 .of Lthe' frame. In Figs. 6 and? 7 the pilot ymember 99 is Swivellcd to the holder 107, the

'pilot member having a lower a portion provided with` an annular channel 108 with whichengagesa screw 109. .Hence, it will be seen that, ifl thepunch 98 -is turned, .the pilot member, due to the longitudinal'overlapping relation with respect tothe punch, is also turned.

The holder 107 isthreaded, as .indicated at 110, with .respect to the slide lmember 111. By turnin the holder 107, suitable longitudinal adjustment of the pilot member 99 may be made.

l The pilot member 99 may be disengaged or moved to inoperative position .by suitable manually controlled means. To .this end, the slide member 111 .lits a guide 112 to which a lever 113 is pivoted at 114, the lever having a cani. slot 115 engagingapin 116 on-the slide 111.v If the lever 113 is raised,the pilot member 99 will be lowered and vice versa.

The construct-ion shown in Figs. 8 and 9 is like that of Figs. .6. and 7' except that the holder 107? is provided with an axial opening 117 having a spring .118 therein. .'[An abutment 119 is carried by the upper end of the spring and it constitutes a support for the lower endVV of the pilot member 99a. The punch 98 differs slightly from ,the punch l98m 6 in that itis cut awaysquare as indicated at 120 to receive the upper end of V .the pilot member 99% lVit-lrthis forni, the

pilot member moves with the punch. Disengagement; of the pilot member 99* may be effected, as in Fig. 6, by operation of the handle, 113. f

' While in the"preceding1 views, I show punches` and pilot-.member tially circular sections, it will' be'understood that these parts mi ht define sections of other shapes. [The circu ar shape is advantageous rin cutting slots' of 'small radius or slotshavingangle' portions, as turns may be made withoutside gouging. as would be the case where the 'section is orblong. While the pilot members are complementary with punch portions to .define a circular outline, this is vnot absolutely necessary, for, so far as easeof "turning" without undue side cutting is c onthat. is, at least 'ust before the punch reaches the work, the ypilot ymember is fitting the die and due to'this thepilot member serves to vreinforce the punch in order to avoid backward deflection thereof due to the condition of loading. In this way, satisfactory operation under vvariedvload conditions and the avoidance yof jamming or breaking of the punch, .the pilot member, `and the die are avoided. y

As shown in Figs. 16 and v17, the machine is readily chan ed from .one of the nibbling type to one o f tv e shear type, it being merely necessary yto replace the nibbling tool holder 53 of Figs. 1, 2 and 3 .with the shearholder 54 of` Figs. 16 and 17, and to replace the die block 57 withthe shear block 58. vAs already ypointed out, itis desirable that the stroke .of the slide 16 shall besuitable to the thickness ofthe work. Any excess in stroke of the nibbling punch results inuseless frictional losses and, vwhere the shear tool isused, .the stroke should be accurately .controlledl for best operation. The shear tool should ,go only far enough to shear and no further.k Variation in ,stroke may be readily effected bychangin'g the .eccentric for the slide 16,y the machine being provided with a plurality of shaft members 2li-having eccenltrie portions 25 of varying eccentricity. A

shaft member 24 isreadily replaced by res defining substan-v ypunch at the front. This tends toy produce a moving the slide 1 6 and disconnecting .the

coupling 14, after whicha section'f24 maybel inserted, whereuponfthe coupling 14is reconnected and the slide 16 visreplaced with the block 26 fitting the'eccentric 25. lThe slide 16 is readily removed 'and replaced, it

' stem slipping out of or entering the slot l68.

- the ram A 'Wide range of throws having different eccentricites for eccentrics of the same diameter( f Referring now to the shear modification, the holder 54 l 32 by the screw 84. The holder has a .recess 122 for a shear tool 123 held in place by screws 124. The shear tool 123 cooperates with a shear block 125 .carriedby the block 58. A table'126 is arranged adjacent to the upper end of thev block 125. The block.

125 is preferably cylindrical, whereby, without changing the direction of movement of the blank, the holder 32 may be turned by the handle 46 so as to follow a curved or desired line. By holding the blank, the shear tool may be moved about the block 12,5 to shear out a circulary openin of the same size as the block.v Blocks 125 o different diameters may be provided in order to cut out dif-` .ferent sized openings. If the size of'shear block is changed, the shear tool 123 is suit` ably adjusted, the clearance space or recessl 122 being sufficient for this purpose and the screws 124 holding the tool in adjusted posi.`

tion. The use of the round block 125 with a n shear tool movable thereabout'makes it possible tol cut along irregular or curved lines even though the work may not be lcapable of.` being turned in the throat space of the-ma` chine.

In Figs. 18 and 19, I show blocks 125a having polygonal portions 125?) providing' a plurality of shear ,faces 1250 forfcooperation with the shear tool 123. With this form, the` blank must be turned to change the direction; however, the holder may u turned for cooperation with any of the faces.

From the foregoing, it willbe apparent that I have devised a metal cutting machine.

capable of being operated either as a nibbling machine or as a shear together` with improved nibbling and shearing arrangen'ients. The machine is provided with a gag-,normally biased to a position between the tool holder and its actuating block or crosshead. The machine is furthermore. provided with means orangularlyadjusting the tooland with stripping means, whereby the, tool may be turned and work be done without obscuring the portion of the stock being cut bythe strip;- per.

The novel tool features. disclosed but noty claimed herein are claimed in my applicamay be provided by.

is heldin place with respect to j combination witha die, of a ram having tion `Serial No. 318,283, filed Nov. 9, Y1928.

The-shear embodiment disclosed herein is claimed in my application SerialNo. 37 6,418, July "6, `1929, `Patent No. 1,7 95,803, MarchlO, 1931-.

A While I 'have shown my invention in several forms, vit will be obviousto those Skilled in the art that it is not so limited,.but issuslceptible of .various other changes and modifi cations, without departing from the spirit thereof, and I desire, therefore, that only vsuch limitations vshall be placed Vthereupon as are `imposed by the `prior art or as are specilivcally set forth in the appended claims. lVhat I claim is:

1. In apunch or shearing machine,the

punch or shear holding mea-ns, a. removable veccentric to be substituted to change the amplitude of reciprocation of the ram.

2. In a punch or shearing machine, the combination vwith a die, of a ram having punch or shear holding means, a removable slide for reciprocating the ram', guiding means for said slide, removable. retaining means for the slide which affords access to the slide, a removable shaft-having an eccentric which co-operates with the slide, a driving shaft, and a detachable coupling connectting the said shafts, whereby the eccentric and its shaft maybe bodily removed as a, unit when the slide'isremoved, to permit a different shaft and eccentric to befsubstituted to change the amplitude of reciprocation of the ram.

3. vIn a punching or shearing machine, the combination with a die, of a ram having punch or shear holdingmeans, a removable slide for reciprocating the ram, guiding means for saidV slide, removable retaining means for the slide which affords access 4to the slide, a removable shaft having an eccentric which co-operates with the slide, a driving shaft coaxially mounted in respect to the foregoing shaft, said shafts unit when the slide isl removed to permit a differentvshaft and eccentric to be substituted.

to change the amplitudek of. reciprocation of the ram. v .n

In a machine ofthe character described a guidememberhaving a cylindrical bore and a peripheral bearing surface, a reciprocatory ram fitting the bore, a'sleeve member encomassing said bearin surface, means for turning the sleeve mem er, means for connecting the sleeve member and the ram for angular movement together while rmitting of revciprocatory movement of t e ram relativelyy to the sleeve member, a movable cutting member carried by the ram, and a ix'ed cuttingv member cooperating with the movable cutting member. s

5. In a cutting machine, a frame having Y substantially horizontal upper and lower arms, aguide member connected to ther4 upper arm and having a vertical cylindrical bore and a peripheral bearing surface below the connection, a reciprocatory ram fitting the bore, a sleeve member encompassing said bearing surface and carried by the guide' cooperating with the movable cutting mem.

r. y 6. In a cutting machine, a .frame having.

upper and lower arms, a guide member integral with the upper arm and having a cvlins drical guide bore, a crosshead guide a ve the guide` member and integral with the frame, a ram fitting said bore and turnable in thellatter, a movable cutting member carried Y by the ram, a fixed cutting member carried by the lower arm and cooperating with the movable cutting member, means for turning the ram, a swivel head connected to the ram,

, greater depth than the latter, a gag carriedl I bottom of Said recess and removable from that l a crosshead fitting the crosshead guide and provided with a recess for the swivel head of by the crosshead and movable into position between the top of the swivel head and the position, and means for reciprocating ,the

i l crosshead.

7. In acuttingvmachine, a upper-and lower arms, la guide member integral'with the upper'armand havin a cylindrical guide bore, a Arosshead guide a vethe guide member and integral with the frame, a

ram fitting said boreand turnable in the 4 y latter, a movable `cutting member carried by the ram, a fixed cutting member carried by lthe lower arm and cooperating with the mov- ,able cutting member, means for lturning the ram in the bore and providingfor relative reciprocatory movementof the ram, a swivel head connected to the ram, a crosshead fitting the crosshead vguide and provided with afrecess for the swivel head of greater depththan the latter, a gag carried by the crosshead, a spring for moving the4 gag into position between the top of theswivcl head Vand the bottom of the recess, means for'retracting the gag, means for moving thel ram in a back-I stroke direction when the gag is'retracted,

frame having and means for reciprocating the crosshead. 8. In a cutting machine,` a frame having upper and lower arms, a guide member integral with the upper arm and having a cylindrical guide bore, a crosshead guide' above the guide member and integral with the frame, a ram fitting the .bore and turnable in the latter, a .movable cutting member carried by the ram, a fixed cutting member carried by the lower arm and cooperating with the movable cuttin member, means for turning the ram in the re and providing for relative reciprocatory movement of the ram, a swivel head connected to the ram, a crosshead fitting the crosshead guide and provided with a recess for the swivel head of greater depth than the latter, a gag carried by the crosshead, a spring for movingr the gag into position between the top of the swivel head and the bottom of the recess, means forretracting the gag, biasingmeans for raisin theram as soon as permitted by retraction o the'gag, means for depressing the ram in opposition to its biasing means so that the gag may move Yinto place between the swivel head and the bot tom of the recess, and meansfor reciprocating the crosshead. y

9. In a cuttingmachine, a frame having upper and lower arms, a guidemember integral with the. upper arm and having a cylinrical guide bore, a crosshead guide above the guide member and integral withv the frame, a ram fitting said bore and turnable in the latter, a movable cutting member carried bythe ram, a fixed cutting member carried by the lower arm and cooperating with the movable cuttin member, means for ,turning the ram in the ore and providing for relative reciprocatory movement of-the ram, a cylindrical swivel head connected tothe ram and having upper and lower abutment surfaces, a crosshead fitting the crosshead guide, means on the crosshead provided with an abutment surface for abutment with the lower surface of the swivel head, a gag carried by the crossheadV surface, means for moving the gag to bring its abutment surface into cooperation with the swivel headk vupper abutment sur-face, means for retracting' thegag, means,carriedl by the crosshead for raising theramafnd its swivel head when the gagis retracted, and means for limiting such raising movement to maintain the gag end surface abutting the swivel head cylindrical surface.

10. In a cutting machine, a frame having upper and lower arms, a guide member integral with the upper arm and having'a cylindri'cal guide bore, a cross head guide above the guide member and integral with the frame, a ram fitting the bore and turnable in the latter,

a movable cutting member carried by the ram,

' able cutting member,fthe upper portion ofl Y guide a fixed cutting member carried by the lower arm and cooperating with the movable cutting member, means for turning the rain in the bore and providing for relative reciprocatory movement of the ram, a swivel head having vided with upper and lower abutment surfaces, and a crosshead fitting the crosshead and provided with upper and lower abutment surfaces for cooperationwith the upper and lower abutment surfaces of the swivel head. l

l1. In a cutting machine, a frame having upper and lower arms; a guide member connected to the upper arm and having a cylindrical guide bore and a peripheral journal bearing surface; abutments at the upper and lower ends of the journal bearing surface; a reciprocatory ram fitting the bore; a sleeve member journalled on the yjournal bearing surface, held in including a plurality of arcuate sections; detachable means for securing the sections together; means for turning the sleeve member; means for transmitting angular movement from thesleeve member to the ram and providing for reciprocatory movement of the latter with respect to the former; a movable cuttingv member carried by the ram; and a fixed cutting member carried by the lower arm and cooperating with the movable cutting member. y

12. In a cutting machine, the combination of a frame having an upper member provided with a vertical cross head guide and a lower member spaced from the lupper member and having a cylindrical guide bore and a peripheral bearing surface, a reciprocatory cylindrical ram fitting the cylindrical guide bore, a sleeve member encompassing the bearing surface, means for turning the sleeve member, a slidable key connection between the sleeve member and the ram, a movable cutting mem- .ber carried by the lower end of the ram, a fixed cutting member cooperating with the 4movsaid ram having a threaded bore, a crosshead fitting the crosshead guide and having a swivel recess, a swivel member having a swivel head turnablyl retained in the recess and having. a threaded shank fitting the threaded bore of the ram, and locking means cooperating,V with the swivel shank and thev ram to hold the shank and ram in adjusted position, said swivel shank and the locking means being accessible in the space between said upper and lower members for making axial adjustments of the ram.

'13. In a machine of the character described, means providing a guide bore and a coaxial cylindrical bearing surface, a reci rocatory ram fitting the bore, a turnab e member fitting the bearing surface, means for turning the turnable member, means fo'r a shank threaded to the ram and proplace by said abutments, and

turnable member to the ram and providing for reciprocatory movement of the latter with respect to the former, a cutting tool carried by the ram and having a front cuttin portion and a back pilot portion, the bacl pilot portion having lateral guide edges, a die cooperating with the tool, and a stripper carried by the turnablemember and havlng stripping portion means disposed laterally of the pilot portion guide edges and exposing to View the forward cutting portion of the to'ol in all positions of angular adjustment of the latter.

In testimony whereof I ailix my si ature.

CHARLES B. GnAY.

'I ss los transmitting angular movement from ther 

